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Mountains of Bharatavarsha

Introduction:

The Mountains of Bharatavarsha are the sacred regions which are supporting the ancient Spiritual Tradition of Bharatavarsha. The Mountains of Bharatavarsha are the places where the Gods and Sages meditated and performed penance. The spiritual vibrations created by that penance are still there. The Mountains are the places where the sacred Rivers originate. The sacred Rivers carry those spiritual vibrations to the plains. The mountain-forests are the repositories of god-given herbs which carry their own potencies. The Mountains are also the places of learning of various Vidyas (like Music, Yoga etc.) in their serene surroundings. Thus the Mountains of Bharatavarsha along with their Rivers and Forests have special importance in the Spiritual Tradition of Bharatavarsha.

To get a meditative glimpse of the mountain structure of Bharatavarsha, the major Mountain Ranges need to be meditated upon. They are:

(1) Himalayas - Pancha Kailasha, Char Dham, Amarnath, Muktinath etc.

(2) Aravalli Range - Arbuda, Pushkar etc.

(3) Vindhya-Satpura Range - Amarkantak, Omkareshwar etc.

(4) Girnar Hills - Girnar

(5) Western Ghats - Tryambakeshwar, Mahabaleshwar, Kollur etc.

(6) Eastern Ghats - Mahendragiri, Venkatachala, Ahobilam, Shrishailam etc.

(7) Southern Uplands - Arunachala etc.


Tibetan Himalayas:
☗ Kailash-Manasarovar region:
  1. Mount Kailash (~6638 m)
    ↪ Mount Kailash (Pancha Kailasha) (Paadal Petra Sthalam) -- (Kailash, Tibet)

  2. Lake Manasarovar (~4588 m)
    ↪ Manasarovar (Shakti Peetha) (Pancha Sarovar) -- (Manasarovar, Tibet)

  3. Lake Rakshastal (~4575 m)

  4. (North / North-East) Sengge Khabab / Sengge Zangbo springs (~5500 m)
    ↪ River Indus (Sindhu) Udgam

  5. (East) - Chemayungdung Glacier region (~5300 m)
    ↪ River Brahmaputra (Yarlung Tsangpo) Udgam

  6. (South) - Mapchachungo Glaciers / headwaters (~4800 m)
    ↪ River Ghaghara (Karnali) (Sarayu) Udgam

  7. (West / North-West) - Langqên Zangbo / Langchen Khabab headwaters (~4570 m)
    ↪ River Sutlej (Shatadru) Udgam


Kashmir Himalayas:
☗ Greater Himalayas (Himadri):
  1. Lake Krishansar (~3710 m)
    ↪ River Kishanganga (Neelum) Udgam (near Sonamarg)

  2. Mount Kolahoi - Kolahoi Glacier (~3700 m – 4650 m)
    ↪ River West Lidder Udgam

  3. Sheshnag Region - Sheshnag Glacier (~4500 m – 4800 m) and Lake Sheshnag (~3590 m)
    ↪ River East Lidder Udgam

  4. Amarnath Valley
    • Amarnath Cave (~3888 m)
    • Panchtarni (~3700 m)
    • Mahagunas Pass (~4200 m)
    • Sheshnag Lake (~3590 m)
    • Chandanwari (2900 m)
    • Pahalgam (2130 m)
    ↪ Stream Amarganga Udgam (around Amarnath Cave and Panchtarni region)
    ↪ Amarnath (Shakti Peetha) -- (Anantanag district, Jammu and Kashmir)

  5. Pahalgam Region
    ↪ River Lidder (Liddar) (Lambodari) formation (formed by joining of West Lidder and East Lidder rivers near Pahalgam)

☗ Greater Himalayas (Himadri) to Lesser Himalayas (Himachal):
  1. Neelum Valley (~1000 m - 3000 m)
    ↪ Kashmir Sharada Peeth (Ashta Dasha Shakti Peetha) (~2000 m) -- (PoK region, Jammu and Kashmir)
    ↪ River Kishanganga (Neelum) flows (Kashmir Sharada Peeth)

  2. Pir Panjal Range - Verinag Spring (~1850 m)
    ↪ River Jhelum (Vitasta) Udgam

  3. Kashmir Valley (~1500 m - 1800 m)
    ↪ River Jhelum (Vitasta) flows

    • Hari Parbat (~1700 m)
    ↪ Srinagar Sharika Devi -- (Srinagar district, Jammu and Kashmir)

    • Shankaracharya Hill (~1900 m)
    ↪ Srinagar Shankaracharya Temple -- (Srinagar district, Jammu and Kashmir)



Himachal Himalayas:
☗ Greater Himalayas (Himadri):
  1. Shrikhand Kailash (~5227 m)
    ↪ Shrikhand Kailash (Pancha Kailasha) -- (Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh)

  2. Kinnaur Kailash (~6050 m)
    ↪ Kinnaur Kailash (Pancha Kailasha) -- (Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh)

  3. Pin Parvati Pass - Man Talai Glacier (~5200 m)
    ↪ River Parvati Udgam

  4. Baralacha La Pass (~4800 m - 5500 m)
    ↪ River Chandra Udgam (near Chandra Tal)
    ↪ River Bhaga Udgam (near Surya Tal)

☗ Greater Himalayas (Himadri) to Lesser Himalayas (Himachal):
  1. Manimahesh Kailash (~5653 m)
    ↪ Manimahesh Kailash (Pancha Kailasha) -- (Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh)

  2. Lahaul Valley (~2850 m)
    ↪ River Chenab (Chandrabhaga) (Asikni) formation (formed by joining of Chandra and Bhaga rivers at Tandi)

☗ Lesser Himalayas (Himachal):
  1. Pir Panjal near Rohtang Pass - Beas Kund (Vyas Kund) (~4060 m)
    ↪ River Beas (Vipasha) Udgam

  2. Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal junction - Bara Bhangal (~2580 m)
    ↪ River Ravi (Iravati) (Airavati) (Parushni) Udgam

  3. Parvati Valley (~1700 m)
    ↪ Manikaran -- (Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh)
    ↪ River Parvati flows (Manikaran) (~1700 m)
    ↪ Parvati - Beas (Vipasha) Sangam (Bhuntar) (~1000 m)

  4. Dhauladhar foothills - Kangra Valley (~1000 m)
    ↪ Baijnath (Jyotirlinga) -- (Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh)

☗ Shivalik Range:
  1. Naina Dhar Hill (~1200 m)
    ↪ Naina Devi -- (Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh)

  2. Kalidhar Valley (~600 m)
    ↪ Jwalamukhi -- (Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh)



Uttarakhand Himalayas - Garhwal:
☗ Badarikashrama (3300 m)
↪ Badrinath (Swayam Vyakta Kshetra) (Divya Desam) (Uttarakhand Char Dham)

☗ Kedarnatha (3581 m)
↪ Kedarnath (Jyotirlinga) (Uttarakhand Char Dham)

☗ Gangotri (3140 m)
↪ Gangotri (Uttarakhand Char Dham)

☗ Yamunotri (3291 m)
↪ Yamunotri (Uttarakhand Char Dham)

► River Alakananda Udgam → Satopanth Glacier
↪ Badrinath (Swayam Vyakta Kshetra) (Divya Desam) (Uttarakhand Char Dham)

► River Mandakini Udgam → Chorabari Glacier
↪ Kedarnath (Jyotirlinga) (Uttarakhand Char Dham)

► River Bhagirathi Udgam → Gangotri Glacier
↪ Gangotri (Uttarakhand Char Dham)

► River Yamuna Udgam → Yamunotri Glacier
↪ Yamunotri (Uttarakhand Char Dham)

► River Ganga Udgam → Dev Prayag
↪ Dev Prayag

► River Nandakini Udgam → Nanda Ghunti Glacier

► River Rishi-Ganga Udgam → Nanda Devi Glacier

► River Dhauli-Ganga (Garhwal) Udgam → Vasudhara Tal

► River Ram-Ganga (Garhwal) Udgam → Dudhatoli Hill

◉ Alakananda - Dhauli Ganga Sangam
↪ Vishnu Prayag (Uttarakhand Pancha Prayag)

◉ Alakananda - Nandakini Sangam
↪ Nanda Prayag (Uttarakhand Pancha Prayag)

◉ Alakananda - Pindari Sangam
↪ Karna Prayag (Uttarakhand Pancha Prayag)

◉ Alakananda - Mandakini Sangam
↪ Rudra Prayag (Uttarakhand Pancha Prayag)

◉ Alakananda - Bhagirathi Sangam
↪ Dev Prayag (forms river Ganga) (Uttarakhand Pancha Prayag)

◉ Mandakini - Vasuki Ganga Sangam
↪ Son Prayag

◉ Mandakini - Kali Ganga Sangam
↪ Kalimath

◉ Mandakini - Madhyamaheshwar Ganga Sangam
↪ Ukhimath



Nepal Himalayas:
☗ Muktinath (3800 m)
↪ Muktinath (Swayam Vyakta Kshetra)

► River Gandaki Udgam → Nhubine Himal Glacier
↪ Muktinath (Swayam Vyakta Kshetra)

► River Bagmati Udgam → Baghdwar

► River Rapti Udgam → Mahabharat Range

► River Kamala Udgam → Mahabharat Range



Punjab-Haryana Shivalik Hills:
☗ Punjab-Haryana Shivalik Range foothills
↪ Adi Badri

► River Saraswati Udgam → Adi Badri of Haryana



Aravalli Range:
☗ Aravalli Range
↪ Pushkar (Swayam Vyakta Kshetra) (Shakti Peetha) (Pancha Sarovar)
↪ Siwar Ghushmeshwar (Jyotirlinga)
↪ Udaipur Eklingji
↪ Virat Nagar Ambika (Shakti Peetha)
↪ Sakrai Shakambhari
↪ Sambhar Shakambhari
↪ Nathdwara (Pancha Dwarka)
↪ Kankroli Dwarka (Pancha Dwarka)
↪ Garbhor Charbhujaji
↪ Seventri Roop Narayanji

► River Banas Udgam → Khamnor Hills, Aravalli Range

► River Luni Udgam → Pushkar Valley, Aravalli Range

► River Sabarmati Udgam → Udaipur district, Aravalli Range

◼ Sambhar Lake
↪ Sambhar Shakambhari

◼ Rajsamand Lake (River Gomati was dammed to create this lake)



Central Highlands - Malwa Plateau - Bundelkhand - Baghelkhand:
☗ Chitrakoota Mountain
↪ Chitrakoot (Shakti Peetha)

☗ Trikuta Parvat (of Maihar)
↪ Maihar

► River Mandakini (of Chitrakoot) Udgam → Atri-Anusuya Ashram of Chitrakoot



Gujarat Hills:
☗ Girnar (Raivataka)
↪ Girnar



Vindhya - Satpura Range:
⛰ Vindhya Mountain
↪ Omkareshwar (Jyotirlinga)

⛰ Maikal Mountain
↪ Amarkantak (Shakti Peetha)

⛰ Satpura Range

► River Narmada Udgam → Amarkantak

► River Johila Udgam → Amarkantak

► River Son (Sone) Udgam → Amarkantak



Western Ghats (Sahyadri) (Malaya) - Maharashtra Ghats - Karnataka Ghats:
☗ Brahmagiri
↪ Tryambakeshwar (Jyotirlinga)

☗ Bhimashankara
↪ Bhimashankar (Jyotirlinga)

☗ Mahabaleshwara
↪ Mahabaleshwar

☗ Kolhapur side Ghats
↪ Kolhapur (Shakti Peetha)

☗ Kodachadri Hills
↪ Kollur (Mukti Sthala of Karnataka)

☗ Kumara Parvata
↪ Kukke Subramanya (Mukti Sthala of Karnataka)

☗ Varaha Parvata

► River Godavari Udgam → Sahyadri (Western Ghats) at Brahmagiri Hill
↪ Nashik (Jyotirlinga) (Shakti Peetha) (Place of Kumbha Mela)

► River Bhima Udgam → Sahyadri (Western Ghats) at Bhimashankar
↪ Bhimashankar (Jyotirlinga)

► River Vaitarna Udgam → Sahyadri (Western Ghats) near Tryambakeshwar

► River Ulhas Udgam → Sahyadri (Western Ghats) near Rajmachi–Lonavala region

► River Savitri Udgam → Sahyadri (Western Ghats) at Mahabaleshwar

► River Kundalika Udgam → Sahyadri (Western Ghats) near Bhira–Tamhini region

► River Vashishti Udgam → Sahyadri (Western Ghats)

► River Shastri Udgam → Sahyadri (Western Ghats) near Prachitgad

► River Terekhol Udgam → Sahyadri (Western Ghats) near Manohargad

► River Souparnika Udgam → Western Ghats (Kodachadri Hills)
↪ Kollur (Mukti Sthala of Karnataka)

► River Kumaradhara Udgam → Western Ghats (Kumara Parvata)
↪ Kukke Subramanya (Mukti Sthala of Karnataka)

► River Tunga Udgam → Western Ghats (Varaha Parvata or Gangamoola)
↪ Shringeri

► River Bhadra Udgam → Western Ghats (Varaha Parvata or Gangamoola)

► River Netravati Udgam → Western Ghats (Bangrabalige Valley)

► River Kali Udgam → Western Ghats (near Kushavali)

► River Sharavati Udgam → Western Ghats (near Ambutirtha)

► River Aghanashini Udgam → Western Ghats (near Sirsi)

► River Bedti Udgam → Western Ghats (near Hubbali)

► River Gangavali Udgam → Western Ghats (near Someshwara temple region)

► River Varahi Udgam → Western Ghats (near Agumbe)



Eastern Ghats (Sesha Parvata) - Odisha Ghats - Andhra Pradesh Ghats:
☗ Mahendragiri
↪ Mahendragiri (Kula Parvata)

☗ Venkatachala
↪ Venkatachala (Swayam Vyakta Kshetra) (Divya Desam)

☗ Ahobilam
↪ Ahobilam (Divya Desam)

☗ Shrishaila
↪ Shrishailam (Jyotirlinga) (Shakti Peetha) (Paadal Petra Sthalam)



Deccan Plateau & Southern Uplands - Maharashtra Plateau - Karnataka Plateau - Tamil Nadu Uplands:
☗ Mahurgadh Hills
↪ Mahurgadh

☗ Saptashrungi Hills
↪ Nashik (Saptashrungi) (Shakti Peetha)

☗ Chamundi Hill
↪ Chamundi Hill

☗ Rishyamuka Parvata
↪ Kishkindha (Pancha Sarovar)

☗ Mount Prasravana
↪ Kishkindha (Pancha Sarovar)

☗ Arunachala Mountain
↪ Arunachala (Thiruvannamalai) (Pancha Bhoota Sthalam) (Paadal Petra Sthalam)



Southern Islands:
☗ Suvela Mountain
↪ Lanka



Bharatavarsha - The Land of Gods and Sages:

• Stotras

• Scriptures

• Pilgrimages - by Groups - by Deities - by States - by Geography

• Sacred Geography - Mountains - Rivers

• Festivals

• Sages - Hermitages - Penances

• Saints - Ramakrishna - Vivekananda - Ramana

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• Bharatavarsha - Puranic History - Puranic Lineage

Meditations on Earth, Life and Dharma: >>



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May there be Peace in the Sky,
May there be Peace in the Earth,

(Shanti Mantra of Upanishad)

Preserve Nature and Nature will Preserve Us,
Simplify Life and help Nature Thrive,
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Connect with Earth, Connect with Dharma, Connect with Being.

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Green Message: The Evergreen Messages of Spirituality, Sanskrit and Nature

Last updated on Oct-2026

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